…as a drunken man uses lamp posts — for support rather than illumination.

The question makes me remember Daryl Bem, a celebrated social psychologist. He published a much cited article called “Writing the Empirical Journal Article”. About 15 years ago, he used this advice to prove that humans can see into the future. His advice is probably still used to teach. That’s probably the worst thing you can do.

Averages. They’re almost always a bullshit flag if it’s tied to anything remotely political. If you’re not going to also give the standard deviation and skew then at least use median.

Well, to immanetize the eschaton. That’s the worst thing to do with statistics.

To cherry pick it and use it to promote fascist views

On people who dont understand them to paint an incomplete picture of reality. Misleadingly.

Truncated graphs. I hate them but they are so often (ab)used, even in professional situations.

I once saw a reddit post where some busybody counted how many people with dogs walked by in an hour and multiplied that by 24 and assumed that was how many walked by in a day (as if it would be the same amount at all times of day)

Lying

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When you mix statistics with marketing.

Not making sure the result even makes sense. There was a real example, where a ~2010 news article said that the number of crimes in their city has been doubling every year since ~1980.

That is not possible. Assume that there was one crime in 1980. In 2010, there must be at least 2^20 crimes.

Eugenics

White people are shot more by cops proving there is no police brutality against people of color.

(No, this isn’t my actual opinion. This is an arguement racists use and white suprimists)

More men are arrested for crime than women, proving that cops are sexist.

Mixing up correlation with causation. A while back I was having a discussion here on Lemmy because people were saying pitbulls are dangerous and pointing to the disproportionate amount of deaths caused by pitbulls vs the percentage of dogs that are pitbulls. The argument goes something like this “Pitbulls are responsible for 55% of killings, but they’re only 12% of all dogs, therefore Pitbulls are dangerous”.

Oh, and BTW if you agreed with that argument above, congratulations, you’re officially a racist, because those are the numbers of murder convictions and demographics for Black people in the USA. The argument is the same, and the reason why it’s flawed is the same: correlation does not imply causation. Just because there’s something seems disproportionate out of context doesn’t mean it has the most obvious cause, in both cases the reasons are much more complex and mostly have to do with education and opportunity (or lack thereof).