Im currently making a costum 10x10 led matrix, and for it to be able to display senseable stuff, im trying to segment the display into 10 vertical lines which cycle at at least 100hz. Would a Python script on a raspberry pi be able to cycle its GPIO pins at this speed? Or Would an arduino or other Microcontroller be able to do it better?
Like others said, the bottle neck will be the OS doing it’s thing with python rather than the hardware. Remember that you can perform pulse width modulation with the GPIO, so they can physically toggle states really very fast.
I seem to recall that there is a GPIO header file for C available for the pi somewhere. If python proves too slow for what you want to do, you could look into writing something in C instead to try to speed things up potentially.